Development of a nation is a must. There must be all round progress so that people can lead a comfortable life. The basic requirements of a person are food, shelter and clothing. With the increase in population coupled with overall progress in the industrial field, natural resources are getting depleted day by day. Environmental pollution adds to the miseries.
While meeting the demands of the present, there must be
sufficient resources so that the future generation can lead a comfortable life.
This is called the sustainable development.
The issue of sustainable development was discussed in
detail at the Earth Summit held at Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) in 1992. In addition
to the increase in production, the protection of environment and conservation of natural resources are
extremely important.
Strategies
for sustainable development
The suggested strategies are:
- Use
locally available materials
- Adopt
the 3 R (Reduce, Recycle, Reuse) approach
- In
order to inculcate a sense of awareness, educate the general public
the steps to be followed for a
sustainable living
Conservation
of Resources
The main natural resources are: Water, Energy and Land.
Water: is
a very important natural resource. This is required for humans and animals.
Water is required for drinking, cooking, washing, toilets, agriculture and
industries. A recent study has revealed that while the rainfall is reducing,
the atmospheric temperature is rising. At the same time, the demand is
increasing with the increase in population. Steps should be taken to reduce the
wastage of water in the domestic and industrial sectors. As far as irrigation
of agricultural crops are concerned, drip irrigation should be practiced. The
suggested steps for conservation are:
- Leakage
of water should be identified and repaired immediately
- Taps
should be closed when not in use
- The
waste water should be treated and reused for gardening and washing floor.
- Arrangements
should be made for rain water harvesting
- Losses
in irrigation water should be reduced by lining of canals and by adopting drip irrigation
Energy:
We
can’t imagine a life without energy. It is required for domestic, industrial
and agricultural purposes. The suggested steps for conservation of energy are:
- Switch
off lights and fans when not in use
- Use
CFL lamps and tube lights
- Use
pressure cooker
- Keep
the vessel covered with a lid when cooking
Land:
Land
is largely covered with forests, wet lands, grass lands, agricultural lands and
human settlements. Land gets degraded due to soil erosion, water logging, salinity,
desertification and various developmental activities. The suggested steps for
soil conservation are:
- Slow
down the movement of water when it flows along a slope
- Have
more vegetation cover
- Adopt
afforestation
******************************
Environment and Value Education
Key words: environment,
value ,education, natural resources
Education can be through formal and informal
channels. Value education with respect to environment should help to bring
a new sustainable way of life. The environmental value education should
inculcate natural and cultural values,
social justice, human heritage, equitable use of resources, managing common
property resources in the minds of all persons.
In the present day world we are giving
importance to development only with out understanding thee problems caused due
to destruction of our environment. Our mind set should be changed so that the
development should be with due regard to sustainability or equitable use of
resources. The unsustainable development leads to economic growth of the rich
and powerful while it makes the poor more poorer
Values in general sense deal with ones own
principles and standards.
Values in environment education focus on the
following aspects- effective utilization of natural resources, keeping the
surroundings clean, excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in farms,
effective use of water and power etc. All these issues are connected to the
quality of human life. They deal with
respect for nature. These values will help
in leading a healthy, productive
and happy lives in harmony with nature.
Environmental values are the feelings that
help us in preserving nature. Values are not constant. Concepts of what
constitutes 'right' and 'wrong' behavior change with time. Once shooting of
animals was taken as a sport. But now it is considered as a crime. It indicates
that value system changes with time.
We have to develop a sense of values that
are linked with a better and more sustainable way of life for all people. The
positive feelings that support environment include a value for nature,
cultures, heritage, and equity. We must also pay attention to aspects that have negative impacts on the
environment. These include our attitude towards the degradation of the
environment, loss of species, pollution, poverty, corruption in environmental
management and the rights of future generations.
We need to adopt the values to bring about a
better way of life on earth for all people and all living creatures.
******************
Environmental Ethics-Issues and Solutions
Ethics in a general sense can be interpreted as moral philosophy in which we look upon as what is right and what is wrong. Though ethics dates back to time immemorial, environmental ethics has come into lime light only recently. It considers the relationship between human beings and the surrounding environment.
Environmental Issues: Ethics
In earlier times, as nature loving, man led a calm and peaceful life, without inflicting much harm to the nature and its surroundings in which he was living. But as population increased and he shifted from caves to man - made houses, he was forced to cut trees and clear the forest. Man started using diesel/petrol driven vehicles, industries came up and this in turn led to the pollution of earth, air and water. The big question that has to be answered is: Is this ethical?
But a very important point to be remembered at this juncture is that man has a moral responsibility to preserve the natural resource for the coming generations. He should understand that he has to coexist with plants, animals, birds and other living creatures.
The problems are manifold, quite serious and enormous – green house effect, destruction of ozone layer, accumulation of toxic and nuclear wastes. To this is added the other after effects like extinction of certain endangered species, loss of biodiversity, disappearance of forest area etc.
Relevant Propositions
-Environmental destruction is mainly caused by the larger consumption of the rich.
-The GNP (Gross National Product) will be enhanced if we can stop and reverse the growing alienation between the people and the common property resources.
-There cannot be proper social and economic development without holistic understanding between nature and society.
-Conserving and recreating nature must be of our highest priority.
Environmental Protection
Understanding the serious implications of depletion of the natural resources, earth day was started observing from April 22, 1970 onwards. The purpose of observing earth day was to make people, political leaders and government agencies aware the importance of caring and preserving the environment.
An ethic for nature conservation requires environmental education and conservation awareness. The best way for this is to educate the young people and inculcate a sense of awareness in their minds regarding the importance of nature’s protection and harmful effects of degradation and pollution of the atmosphere, environment and surroundings.
Solutions
Man has to understand that he is not alone in this world and that he has to coexist with plants and animals. As such, he has to share the natural resources with other beings. Also he has to keep in mind that the resources are to be preserved for the coming generations. The difference between the rich and poor must be narrowed down to the maximum extent possible. As the world population increases, naturally the requirement for additional resources also increases; this in turn causing the depletion of the natural assets. Man should be particular care in not creating any situation for the extinction of species of any sort and also deforestation should be brought to the minimum supporting level. Conventional energy should be conserved to the maximum extent possible and use of non – conventional (alternative) energy should be encouraged.
May his soul rest in peace!
Early hours of Saturday morning . January 26,2013.
As usual , I was just going through the Malayala Manorama daily.
I had just opened the centre page. Yes I saw a small snap- . A known figure.
I read the report.- M P M Menon ex IFS officer passes away.
I was shocked, I could not believe it.
Murali was my class mate; we were in the class for three years -1955 to 1958 at
Government Secondary School, Perinthalmanna. In the final year, he was just sitting my side.
I was always coming first in the class but in the final examination he surpassed me.
We did not meet afterwards. I could understand that after a brief stint in the military , he entered Indian Foreign Service.
After retirement he had settled in Delhi. I could understand from Face book that he was suffering
from cancer.
Death is inevitable. Nobody can stop it. We call come into this world with a return ticket, the
only point is that the return date is not announced earlier.
The old memories of school days come into my mind.
Nothing more to pen down
May his soul rest in peace !!.
Friday, December 28, 2012
Welcome 2013
Yes! 2013 is just at the door step!
Only few hours to go.
Let us forget the past,
The trials and tribulations of yesterday
The unexpected events of dead yesterday
Enjoy the sweetness of today
And the brightness of tomorrow!
Jesus said : Forgive them , they are foolish and ignorant
When the sun rises in the morning of first Jan
Let the darkness of sorrow,resentment,anger and despair
Vanish in the thick morning air
Let us be happy and gay- devoid of frustration
Calicut(Kozhikode)-The starting point of Foreign rule in India
Calicut(Kozhikode)-The starting
point of Foreign rule in India
Almost 511 years back,
precisely speaking on 20 May 1498 Vasco Da Gama, a sailor cum trader from Lisbon in Portugal
landed at Kappad, a sleepy village near Kozhikode in Kerala. It was for the first time a sea route to India from Europe
was established. Gradually it paved the way for others like the Dutch , the
French and the British to seek their fortunes through their trade with India.
Gama was accompanied by 170 men in four ships. It took 8 months and 12 days for
them to reach Kozhikode after a strenuous and
tiresome journey through sea. Gama was heading a trade delegation. At that
time, trade was mainly with the Chinese and the Arabs. The spices and hand
woven silk were the main components of trade. Samoothiri (Zamorin) was ruling this
part at that time. Gama signed a trade treaty with Samoothiri and this literally pushed the Chinese and the
Arabs out of trading scenario. He returned to Portugal on August 29, 1498. He
carried with him , ship loads of pepper, silk and other spices. In the return
trip to Portugal,
Gamma had to face a major tragedy- 50% of his team members fell sick and died.
Almost after a gap of 4 years,
Gama ventured upon his second trip to India.
This time he brought with him twenty ships. He reached Calicut on 12 February 1502.He wanted to
expand his trading activities but Samoothiri did not accede to it. Gama was
compelled to move out of Kozhikode to Cochin.
Subsequently in 1604, the
Dutch came to Kozhikode and entered into a
trade treaty with Samoothiri.
The neighbouring state of Mysore was ruled by Hyder Ali. He wanted to
expand his kingdom. In 1766, Tippu
Sultan attacked Samoothiri and after a fierce battle defeated him. The rule of
Tippu Sultan continued till 1792 when the British attacked Tippu, defeated him and
established their rule in Malabar. British named Kozhikode as Calicut. Malabar was then part of Madras presidency.
British rule continued till August 15, 1947.
In 1956 when states were
reorganised on linguistic basis,. Malabar was amalgamated with Travancore - Cochin and Kerala state
was formed on November 1. Subsequently on January 1,1957 Malabar was split into
three districts- Kannur, Kozhikod and Palghat. Further division took place and
now there are six districts in erstwhile Malabar-Kasarkod, Kannur, Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram and Palghat.
Tremendous changes have taken
place since then in the overall scenario
of Kozhikode. Multi story residential
buildings, shopping complexes , coupled with the increased population and traffic congestion have mutilated the tranquility of the city. Some parts of the city still keep its original flavour to a
certain extent. These are S M Street, Mananchira and Beach. Manachira is still
the heart of the city. Old institutions like Town Hal, District Library
and Common Wealth Trust Office are
still there in their original positions. Sweet Meat Street which was
once famous
for its halwa and other sweet stalls haven given way to other types of
shops. Kozhikode beach is nice for enjoying sunset and nice cool
breeze.
Kozhikode has emerged as the
third largest city of Kerala, the other two
being Trivandrum
and Kochin. According to 2001 census,
the population of Calicut
City is 4.37 lakhs which
is 16.5% of population of Kozhikode District. Kozhikode
is well connected by air, rail and sea. There are direct flights from here to all important
towns in India ,Middle East
and Ceylon.
The major educational institutions are Calicut Medical College(CMC), National
Institute of Technology(NIT), and Indian Institute of Management(IIM). Lot of
people from this area have gone to the Middle East
for employment and business and the subsequent inflow of foreign money has
changed the economy and way of living of the people.
If Vasco Da Gama takes a rebirth and visits Calicut, no doubt he will
be wonder struck with the vast changes that have taken place in the city and
its surroundings.
***************
Sunday, October 28, 2012
Antioxidants Can Improve Your Skin
Free radicals are major cause of aging. They can be
neutralized by taking antioxidants which breakdown free radicals. The most
effective antioxidants are vitamins A, C, E and the mineral selenium. The diet
should be supplemented with antioxidants. They protect the skin from damage by
keeping away oxygen molecules from eating collagen and elastin of the skin’s
tissues. The main precipitating causes of
free radicals are sunlight, smoke, air pollution and mental stress. When
free radicals damage skin cells, collagen breaks down and wrinkles formed.
The main antioxidants used in the skin care products are
discussed herein.
Alpha Lipic Acid (ALA) is a powerful antioxidant. It is 400
times more powerful than vitamin C and E. When taken internally it helps in the
production of cells and keeps them to
function more efficiently.
CoQ10 produces energy from glucose in our body cells. It is
used in every cell of our body. It
serves as an electron transporter for mitochondria. It is important for health
and survival. A stressful life can
reduce CoQ10.
Copper peptides activate collagen and elastin. It gives skin
strength and flexibility.
Vitamin C is another antioxidant. It builds up collagen and
elastin. Vitamin C is unstable. Vitamin C-Ester is more stable but has to
undergo changes so as to benefit the skin. L-ascorbic is a particular form of
vitamin C and is more useful. It should be used at 2% strength.
Vitamin E is also another skin antioxidant. It is effective
in the oil part of cell. It protects against damage from ultra violet rays.
Kinetin delays the destruction of skin fibroblasts. It is
taken from plant extract.
Nayad is a patented ingredient from the cellular wall of
baker’s yeast. It improves the moisture in the skin by 27%, appearance of
wrinkles by 56% and elasticity by 74%.The skin will look young with the daily
use of this.
Pycnogenol is another antioxidant. It is twenty times more
powerful than vitamin C and fifty times more powerful than vitamin E. It works
against free radicals in the water and oil phase of cells. It helps in creating
a more youthful skin. Pycnogenol is called “ the magic bullet of free
radicals.” It is top of all antioxidants that are currently in the market.
It is necessary to know the ingredients of the skin
care products of daily use.
Tuesday, August 28, 2012
Onam
Today (29 August 2012) is Thiruvonam.
This is the time to remember the good olden days of king Mahabali's rule
When all people were very happy and gay.
No cheating, no lies - all people were friendly and straight forward!
But what is today's state?
All are living with tension, no peace of mind.
Why?
Life is like that.
Miniscule family, no relationship.
All are self centered.
Greedy people, only worried about money.
Nothing more, blind with selfishness.
So today, let forget the past
And don't worry about the future
Let us enjoy today, "Thiruvonam day"
Saturday, June 16, 2012
Meditation and Peace of Mind
Meditation and Peace of Mind
Tags: meditation, stress, tension, peace of mind
It
is said that through meditation one can get peace of mind and
happiness. It creates a state of metabolic restfulness. Meditation
helps in decreasing stress hormones and relaxes the muscles. Thus it
removes fatigue and tension.
Chanting
will free the mind from all the negative thoughts and will help in
having a peaceful state of mind. Meditation will also help in removing
anger, anxiety and stress and enables to live in the present forgetting
the past and without worrying for the future.
Meditation results in better flow of blood to the brain. This in turn results in the rejuvenation of the body and the mind.
January 26, 2011/ june 17,2012
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
Environment and Value Education
Key words: environment,
value ,education, natural resources
Education can be through formal and informal
channels. Value education with respect to environment should help to bring
a new sustainable way of life. The environmental value education should
inculcate natural and cultural values,
social justice, human heritage, equitable use of resources, managing common
property resources in the minds of all persons.In the present day world we are giving importance to development only with out understanding thee problems caused due to destruction of our environment. Our mind set should be changed so that the development should be with due regard to sustainability or equitable use of resources. The unsustainable development leads to economic growth of the rich and powerful while it makes the poor more poorer
Values in general sense deal with ones own principles and standards.
Values in environment education focus on the following aspects- effective utilization of natural resources, keeping the surroundings clean, excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides in farms, effective use of water and power etc. All these issues are connected to the quality of human life. They deal with respect for nature. These values will help in leading a healthy, productive and happy lives in harmony with nature.
Environmental values are the feelings that help us in preserving nature. Values are not constant. Concepts of what constitutes 'right' and 'wrong' behavior change with time. Once shooting of animals was taken as a sport. But now it is considered as a crime. It indicates that value system changes with time.
We have to develop a sense of values that are linked with a better and more sustainable way of life for all people. The positive feelings that support environment include a value for nature, cultures, heritage, and equity. We must also pay attention to aspects that have negative impacts on the environment. These include our attitude towards the degradation of the environment, loss of species, pollution, poverty, corruption in environmental management and the rights of future generations.
We need to adopt the values to bring about a better way of life on earth for all people and all living creatures.
******************
Friday, January 25, 2013
May his soul rest in peace!
Early hours of Saturday morning . January 26,2013.
As usual , I was just going through the Malayala Manorama daily.
I had just opened the centre page. Yes I saw a small snap- . A known figure.
I read the report.- M P M Menon ex IFS officer passes away.
I was shocked, I could not believe it.
Murali was my class mate; we were in the class for three years -1955 to 1958 at
Government Secondary School, Perinthalmanna. In the final year, he was just sitting my side.
I was always coming first in the class but in the final examination he surpassed me.
We did not meet afterwards. I could understand that after a brief stint in the military , he entered Indian Foreign Service.
After retirement he had settled in Delhi. I could understand from Face book that he was suffering
from cancer.
Death is inevitable. Nobody can stop it. We call come into this world with a return ticket, the
only point is that the return date is not announced earlier.
The old memories of school days come into my mind.
Nothing more to pen down
May his soul rest in peace !!.
Friday, December 28, 2012
Welcome 2013
Yes! 2013 is just at the door step!
Only few hours to go.
Let us forget the past,
The trials and tribulations of yesterday
The unexpected events of dead yesterday
Enjoy the sweetness of today
And the brightness of tomorrow!
Jesus said : Forgive them , they are foolish and ignorant
When the sun rises in the morning of first Jan
Let the darkness of sorrow,resentment,anger and despair
Vanish in the thick morning air
Let us be happy and gay- devoid of frustration
Sunday, November 18, 2012
Calicut(Kozhikode)-The starting point of Foreign rule in India
Calicut(Kozhikode)-The starting
point of Foreign rule in India
Almost 511 years back,
precisely speaking on 20 May 1498 Vasco Da Gama, a sailor cum trader from Lisbon in Portugal
landed at Kappad, a sleepy village near Kozhikode in Kerala. It was for the first time a sea route to India from Europe
was established. Gradually it paved the way for others like the Dutch , the
French and the British to seek their fortunes through their trade with India.
Gama was accompanied by 170 men in four ships. It took 8 months and 12 days for
them to reach Kozhikode after a strenuous and
tiresome journey through sea. Gama was heading a trade delegation. At that
time, trade was mainly with the Chinese and the Arabs. The spices and hand
woven silk were the main components of trade. Samoothiri (Zamorin) was ruling this
part at that time. Gama signed a trade treaty with Samoothiri and this literally pushed the Chinese and the
Arabs out of trading scenario. He returned to Portugal on August 29, 1498. He
carried with him , ship loads of pepper, silk and other spices. In the return
trip to Portugal,
Gamma had to face a major tragedy- 50% of his team members fell sick and died.
Almost after a gap of 4 years,
Gama ventured upon his second trip to India.
This time he brought with him twenty ships. He reached Calicut on 12 February 1502.He wanted to
expand his trading activities but Samoothiri did not accede to it. Gama was
compelled to move out of Kozhikode to Cochin.
Subsequently in 1604, the
Dutch came to Kozhikode and entered into a
trade treaty with Samoothiri.
The neighbouring state of Mysore was ruled by Hyder Ali. He wanted to
expand his kingdom. In 1766, Tippu
Sultan attacked Samoothiri and after a fierce battle defeated him. The rule of
Tippu Sultan continued till 1792 when the British attacked Tippu, defeated him and
established their rule in Malabar. British named Kozhikode as Calicut. Malabar was then part of Madras presidency.
British rule continued till August 15, 1947.
In 1956 when states were
reorganised on linguistic basis,. Malabar was amalgamated with Travancore - Cochin and Kerala state
was formed on November 1. Subsequently on January 1,1957 Malabar was split into
three districts- Kannur, Kozhikod and Palghat. Further division took place and
now there are six districts in erstwhile Malabar-Kasarkod, Kannur, Wayanad, Kozhikode, Malappuram and Palghat.
Tremendous changes have taken
place since then in the overall scenario
of Kozhikode. Multi story residential
buildings, shopping complexes , coupled with the increased population and traffic congestion have mutilated the tranquility of the city. Some parts of the city still keep its original flavour to a
certain extent. These are S M Street, Mananchira and Beach. Manachira is still
the heart of the city. Old institutions like Town Hal, District Library
and Common Wealth Trust Office are
still there in their original positions. Sweet Meat Street which was
once famous
for its halwa and other sweet stalls haven given way to other types of
shops. Kozhikode beach is nice for enjoying sunset and nice cool
breeze.
Kozhikode has emerged as the
third largest city of Kerala, the other two
being Trivandrum
and Kochin. According to 2001 census,
the population of Calicut
City is 4.37 lakhs which
is 16.5% of population of Kozhikode District. Kozhikode
is well connected by air, rail and sea. There are direct flights from here to all important
towns in India ,Middle East
and Ceylon.
The major educational institutions are Calicut Medical College(CMC), National
Institute of Technology(NIT), and Indian Institute of Management(IIM). Lot of
people from this area have gone to the Middle East
for employment and business and the subsequent inflow of foreign money has
changed the economy and way of living of the people.
If Vasco Da Gama takes a rebirth and visits Calicut, no doubt he will
be wonder struck with the vast changes that have taken place in the city and
its surroundings.
***************
Sunday, October 28, 2012
Anti oxidants and Skin
Free radicals are major cause of aging. They can be neutralized by taking antioxidants which breakdown free radicals. The most effective antioxidants are vitamins A, C, E and the mineral selenium. The diet should be supplemented with antioxidants. They protect the skin from damage by keeping away oxygen molecules from eating collagen and elastin of the skin’s tissues. The main precipitating causes of free radicals are sunlight, smoke, air pollution and mental stress. When free radicals damage skin cells, collagen breaks down and wrinkles formed.
The main antioxidants used in the skin care products are
discussed herein.
Alpha Lipic Acid (ALA) is a powerful antioxidant. It is 400
times more powerful than vitamin C and E. When taken internally it helps in the
production of cells and keeps them to
function more efficiently.
CoQ10 produces energy from glucose in our body cells. It is
used in every cell of our body. It
serves as an electron transporter for mitochondria. It is important for health
and survival. A stressful life can
reduce CoQ10.
Copper peptides activate collagen and elastin. It gives skin
strength and flexibility.
Vitamin C is another antioxidant. It builds up collagen and
elastin. Vitamin C is unstable. Vitamin C-Ester is more stable but has to
undergo changes so as to benefit the skin. L-ascorbic is a particular form of
vitamin C and is more useful. It should be used at 2% strength.
Vitamin E is also another skin antioxidant. It is effective
in the oil part of cell. It protects against damage from ultra violet rays.
Kinetin delays the destruction of skin fibroblasts. It is
taken from plant extract.
Nayad is a patented ingredient from the cellular wall of
baker’s yeast. It improves the moisture in the skin by 27%, appearance of
wrinkles by 56% and elasticity by 74%.The skin will look young with the daily
use of this.
Pycnogenol is another antioxidant. It is twenty times more
powerful than vitamin C and fifty times more powerful than vitamin E. It works
against free radicals in the water and oil phase of cells. It helps in creating
a more youthful skin. Pycnogenol is called “ the magic bullet of free
radicals.” It is top of all antioxidants that are currently in the market.
It is necessary to know the ingredients of the skin
care products of daily use.
Tuesday, August 28, 2012
Onam
Today (29 August 2012) is Thiruvonam.
This is the time to remember the good olden days of king Mahabali's rule
When all people were very happy and gay.
No cheating, no lies - all people were friendly and straight forward!
But what is today's state?
All are living with tension, no peace of mind.
Why?
Life is like that.
Miniscule family, no relationship.
All are self centered.
Greedy people, only worried about money.
Nothing more, blind with selfishness.
So today, let forget the past
And don't worry about the future
Let us enjoy today, "Thiruvonam day"
Saturday, June 16, 2012
Meditation and Peace of Mind
Meditation and Peace of Mind
Tags: meditation, stress, tension, peace of mind
It
is said that through meditation one can get peace of mind and
happiness. It creates a state of metabolic restfulness. Meditation
helps in decreasing stress hormones and relaxes the muscles. Thus it
removes fatigue and tension.
Chanting
will free the mind from all the negative thoughts and will help in
having a peaceful state of mind. Meditation will also help in removing
anger, anxiety and stress and enables to live in the present forgetting
the past and without worrying for the future.
Meditation results in better flow of blood to the brain. This in turn results in the rejuvenation of the body and the mind.
January 26, 2011/ june 17,2012
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)
Environmental Ethics-Issues and Solutions
Ethics in a general sense can be interpreted as moral philosophy in which we look upon as what is right and what is wrong. Though ethics dates back to time immemorial, environmental ethics has come into lime light only recently. It considers the relationship between human beings and the surrounding environment.
Environmental Issues: Ethics
In earlier times, as nature loving, man led a calm and peaceful life, without inflicting much harm to the nature and its surroundings in which he was living. But as population increased and he shifted from caves to man - made houses, he was forced to cut trees and clear the forest. Man started using diesel/petrol driven vehicles, industries came up and this in turn led to the pollution of earth, air and water. The big question that has to be answered is: Is this ethical?
But a very important point to be remembered at this juncture is that man has a moral responsibility to preserve the natural resource for the coming generations. He should understand that he has to coexist with plants, animals, birds and other living creatures.
The problems are manifold, quite serious and enormous – green house effect, destruction of ozone layer, accumulation of toxic and nuclear wastes. To this is added the other after effects like extinction of certain endangered species, loss of biodiversity, disappearance of forest area etc.
Relevant Propositions
-Environmental destruction is mainly caused by the larger consumption of the rich.
-The GNP (Gross National Product) will be enhanced if we can stop and reverse the growing alienation between the people and the common property resources.
-There cannot be proper social and economic development without holistic understanding between nature and society.
-Conserving and recreating nature must be of our highest priority.
Environmental Protection
Understanding the serious implications of depletion of the natural resources, earth day was started observing from April 22, 1970 onwards. The purpose of observing earth day was to make people, political leaders and government agencies aware the importance of caring and preserving the environment.
An ethic for nature conservation requires environmental education and conservation awareness. The best way for this is to educate the young people and inculcate a sense of awareness in their minds regarding the importance of nature’s protection and harmful effects of degradation and pollution of the atmosphere, environment and surroundings.
Solutions
Man has to understand that he is not alone in this world and that he has to coexist with plants and animals. As such, he has to share the natural resources with other beings. Also he has to keep in mind that the resources are to be preserved for the coming generations. The difference between the rich and poor must be narrowed down to the maximum extent possible. As the world population increases, naturally the requirement for additional resources also increases; this in turn causing the depletion of the natural assets. Man should be particular care in not creating any situation for the extinction of species of any sort and also deforestation should be brought to the minimum supporting level. Conventional energy should be conserved to the maximum extent possible and use of non – conventional (alternative) energy should be encouraged.
Man and Environment
Key words: Environment. scope,protection,conservation
Introduction
Our ancestors led a
calm and peaceful life. They ate fruits and drank water from streams.They
never bothered about their life style. It was basically tuned to the natural
stream. But now the situation is completely changed. WE can’t have pure air to
breathe in, pure water to drink or pure foodstuff to eat; every thing is
polluted. The natural resources are used in such a manner that future
generations will find it difficult to sustain their lives.
Scope
If we look into the
area we live in, it can be seen that our surroundings were originally a natural
landscape. Now the surroundings have been modified by human beings. Our lives
depend on the environment. Our dependence on nature is so high that without
protecting the earth’s environment, we can’t continue to live without
protecting it.
As part of the
overall development of the nation, technological innovations are being
indiscriminately used. For growing more food, fertilizers and pesticides are
being used in a large scale. Mega dams
have been constructed both for irrigation and hydroelectric generation. This
has inflicted too much strain on our environment. This has led to deforestation
which in turn has led to floods in rainy season and dry rivers in summer
months.
Conservation of Resources
Each one of us in
the planet should become increasingly concerned about our environment and
change the way we use our resources. On one hand population increases, limiting
the resources due to over utilisation and also wastages. We must try to use
water, electricity, petroleum products etc in an optimum manner so that coming
generation of people will be able to lead a comfortable life. We must try to
utilise non-conventional energy in larger measures.
Importance
Environment is not
a single subject; but it encompasses various subjects like biology, chemistry,
physics, geography, economics etc. Large scale industrialization hassled to
pollution of air and water. Also large amount of solid wastes are generated.
The disposal of these wastes is creating lot of problems. Air pollution leads
to respiratory diseases, water pollution to gastro-intestinal diseases and many
other pollutants cause cancer.
Our Duty
Every activity that
we do in our day to day lives, has an adverse impact on nature’s integrity. As
such, there is a growing demand for generating public awareness. Protecting our
environment is economically more viable than cleaning it up once it is
completely damaged. We should try to reduce wastages in all spheres. At the
same time, effective steps should be taken to reduce pollution and degradation.
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Writing Articles
Writing article is an art. To write a good article, one should have in depth knowledge of the topic as well as ability to express it in a clear and lucid manner in the particular language. The article should be written in a simple language without the use of difficult and tough vocabulary.
The writer should have in his mind the readers who are supposed to read the article. The format and contents should be tuned accordingly. Basically an article should have an introduction, body and conclusion. The references made in writing the article should be acknowledged. In case of a technical article, diagrams, tables and charts can be included to elucidate the matter.
The title of the article is an important factor. It should be precise and should convey the reader, the contents of the article and also the benefits that one can get from reading the article. The type of the article as to whether it is a literary, technical or story should also be spelt out.
Writing is a skill. The time and place of writing is one’s choice The writing skill can be improved by practice only. Therefore it is necessary to write regularly. Not only your skill would improve but also the number of articles written would increase in number.Reading is an important factor as far as writing is concerned. It provides you with information. Also it stimulates your mind to write clearly. Make reading a regular habit.
After completing the article, review it and rewrite it if necessary. Normally all writers rewrite by adding or deleting certain words or sentences. It is during this stage that more new ideas come into the mind.
After completing the writing, spell check and grammar check should be carried out so that the article is error free.
It is desirable that the article is read by someone before publishing. Request the person reviewing the article to give constructive criticism of the article. Modify it in the light of the suggestions and then submit for publication.
Staff Motivational Environment In an Organization
Employees are the assets of an organization. Job satisfaction is an important aspect to get the maximum output from an employee. For this the prevailing environment should be such as to generate maximum staff motivation. The main factors in this connection are working conditions, promotional avenues, rewards and monetary compensation to lead a comfortable living.
Introduction
Motivation in a general sense can be termed as an inducement of person by another to do a specified task more efficiently and diligently. In case of a company or factory, it is the duty of the management to motivate its employees. For this, the needs and aspirations of its employees are to be met with in reasonable boundaries.
The steps that are to be taken to create a staff motivational environment in an organization are: Developing quality of work life (QWL), Communication, Counseling and Benchmarking.
Quality of Work life
Quality of work life is termed as the degree to which employees of an organization are able to satisfy their personal needs with their experience in the organization. Quality of work life includes safe and healthy working environment, adequate monetary compensation and social integration in the work environment. The factors involved in quality work life are – individual factors, job factors and organizational factors.
Communication
The object of communication is to keep the employees informed about the matters which are of interest to them. The communication can be formal or informal. For communication with employees different media can be adopted. They are: Hand book, Bulletin Board, House Magazine, Digital media and in - house meetings.
Counseling
The object of counseling is to bring an employee back to his normal mental position to which he was before the emotional problem started. The counseling includes advice, reassurance, communication and reorientation.
Benchmarking
Benchmarking is the process of identifying, understanding, and adapting outstanding practices from with in an organization or from outside businesses to help to improve performance. It is based on the principle ‘See what others do and try to improve upon that.’ The most common high- performance work practices are: Trust, transparency and fairness in all dealings, frequent appraisal and feed back, partnerships with external consultants and service providers.
Job Satisfaction
Job satisfaction is the amount of contentment or satisfaction associated with a job. The job satisfactions are based on an individual’s education, back ground, age and other factors. Managers are expected to take concrete steps to improve the level of satisfaction of employees. These may include improving quality of work life, linking rewards with performance and improving overall working environment.
Morale
It is in general considered that morale and productivity go hand in hand. Morale refers to attitudes of employees. The information about it is quite useful in making decisions concerning people in the organization. Morale building is a continuous practice and is the responsibility of the manager to take necessary steps in this connection.
Conclusions
In order to get maximum out put from the employees, it is very essential to have a staff motivational environment in the organization. It is the duty of the management to create such an atmosphere for staff motivation.
Image courtesy:
Reference:
1. Human Resource Management, L M Prasad, Sultan Chand & Sons, New Delhi, 2010
2. Case Study Solutions- Human Resources Development, H Kaushal, MacMillan Publishers India,2004
3. Training and Developing the Human Resources, S Kapur, Infinity Books, New Dwlhi,2003
Link: http://www.brighthub.com/office/human-resources/articles/86160.aspx
January 5,2012
At 61, be Young as 16
Key words- Age, Health, Life
“Time and tide wait for no man” thus goes the old adage. Days roll into months and months to years. We can’t stop the clock ticking.
Human body becomes weak in old age, black hair turns to white, joints become stiff, memory weakens … like that so many problems of old age.
Death is inevitable; that is a fact of life.
However, we can delay the process of ageing and the problems associated with old age can be mitigated to a certain extent. We will be able to lead a healthy, happy and energetic life even after crossing the barrier at 60.
But how? That is a big question. Let us try to get an answer to that.
Physical Fitness:
Ageing is a natural process. It is a gradual degenerating phenomenon. However, the speed with which the human body degenerates is a variable factor. In addition to the heredity, geographical, climatic and racial factors, it depends on the lifestyle of the individual concerned. A faulty life style means lack of physical exercise, improper food, smoking, use of intoxicating drugs etc. The busy modern life inflicts too much mental tension. The combined effect of all these is the deterioration of health which in turn accelerates the ageing process.
Mental Attitude:
Not only maintaining physical fitness, it is very essential to develop a positive attitude in life. Thought moulds and shapes a man.
Try to keep the heart young. Never think – “I have become old “; “At 61, think I am 16. “
The old saying is perfectly apt- “As a man thinketh, so he becometh”. Your present is the result of your past thoughts, and the future is the result of present thoughts.
Persons having confidence, hope and cheerfulness spread similar feelings on others. They bring happiness to others.
On the other hand people with negative temperaments such as anger, envy, hatred and ill feelings infect others and do harm.
Web site for a Writer
Tags: web site, profile, services offered, comments
Just like email and mobile telephone, now a days website for each individual has become almost a necessity, part and parcel. of present day life.
It depicts the profile of the individual along with the services that he can give. In other words it shows the presence of a person in the cyber world. Just like any other professional, a writer can also to showcase his writing contributions through his personal web site. In other words it serves as an advertising display board.
The web site helps:
- To remain in touch with the readers. The writer can share his views, stories and articles.
- It shows the list of writer’s publications.
- The readers can give their comments after reading the writings. They can seek further clarifications if required.
Root Cause Analysis as a Management Tool
Root cause analysis is a method of problem solving. Its purpose is to identify the basic resons of the problems and then take steps to solve it immediately. Also take steps to prevent the recurrence of such problems in future. Of course it is very difficult to prevent completely such recurrences.
General Principles of Root Cause Analysis:
RCA is a method of identifying causes and solving them. Analysis is done after an event has occurred. RCA can also be used to forecast or predict probable events even before they occur.
General Principles of Root Cause Analysis:
-The purpose of identifying different solutions to a particular problem is to remove it and to prevent its recurrence. The solution should be simple and cost effective.
-There can be more than one root cause for a problem.
-RCA must be done systematically and in the investigation report the causes must be clearly identified with supporting documents.
-The analysis should establish the sequence of events and their inter relationships.
RCA can be done by different approaches: safety-based, production-based, process-based, failure-based, and systems-based.
ApproachesThe analysis can be done in different ways. One method is a question-answer session.
Example: Washing machine is not working.
The probable question answer session can be:
When the machine stopped working?
Was there any unusual sound during the working?
Was there sufficient water inflow?
Was the front cover closed properly?
Was the soap powder of recommended quality?
Like that the questions can be increased and its answers found out. The solution may crop up in between.
Synopsis
In short ,the root cause analysis comprises the following steps:-
What is the problem?
When it happened?
How the problem happened?
Analyze and find the solution.
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After effects of Climate change
Tags: climate change, carbon emissions, green house effects
The much talked about topic on date is Climate Change.
What is climate change? It is the change in the average weather conditions ie temperature, wind and rainfall.
According to the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the global climate is undergoing changes due to the greenhouse gas emissions from different human activities. The climate changes are in different forms- increase in the atmospheric temperature, rising sea levels, hurricanes and melting of ice. According to IPCC, the average temperature is likely to rise by 1.1 to 6.4 degree Centigrade during this century depending on the quantum of greenhouse gas emissions.
What are greenhouse gases?
Greenhouse gases are the gases in the atmosphere which act like a blanket or glass roof around the earth. This traps the heat, preventing its escape to the space. This is termed as the “greenhouse effect”. It was only after the industrial revolution about 200 years ago, the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere increased dramatically.
Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main greenhouse gas released by human activities. It is emitted mainly from the burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. Other greenhouse gases are methane and nitrous oxide.What are the consequences of Climate Change?
The consequences are grave and manifold. They may be extreme weather conditions, with more frequent storms and floods, more severe droughts and heat waves and rise in the sea levels.
In several parts agriculture will be adversely affected by shortage of irrigation water and extreme heat. Also there can be loss of coral reefs as oceans may warm up and tropical forests may get damaged due to more frequent fires.
Another grave disaster will be social consequences due to human migrations from the lands affected by drought and famine.
Can we stop the climate changes?
The greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced in order to avoid the worst impacts of climate change. Some countries, like the UK, have committed to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions in line with this target, but most countries still have not done any thing tangible in this connection.
Many technological solutions are available to reduce the carbon emissions; but of course considerable investments have to be made for that.
Ref:www.carbonneural.com
Principles of Technical Documentation and Writing
Technical documentation and writing is a specialized field requiring knowledge and experience in it. The steps of technical are:- Preparation
- Research
- Organization
- Writing the draft
- Revision
Preparation
Preparation involves defining the purpose of the document, identifying the audience and determining the scope.
Research
The purpose of documentation is to convey information. In order to convey information, one must understand it thoroughly..
Organization
Here consider what you need to tell users, and how that information can best be conveyed.
Writing a Draft
A document has three parts:
Introduction
Body
Conclusion
Before starting writing, have an outline prepared. Expand the outline in small paragraphs and then complete the draft.
Revision
During revising, check for completeness and accuracy. See that writing is concise, and covers the topic clearly. Then check for spelling and grammar. Also see that abbreviations and acronyms are expanded.
Aloe Vera – Nature’s Gift
Tags: Nature’s gift, medicine, aloe vera, therapeutic properties
Everybody wants to remain healthy.The old saying 'Health is wealth.’ is perfectly apt.
That is all right.
But what if one falls sick?
He consults a doctor ; doctor prescribes medicines.
The doctor can be an allopathic doctor, homeopathic doctor,unani doctor or ayurvedic doctor.
But our ancestors in good olden times were dependent on nature.
They got medicines from nature itself.
One such nature's wonder is Aloe Vera.
Aloe Vera has the reputation of a wonder plant with many therapeutic properties.
It has antibacterial and moisture properties,anti fungal and analgesic properties and
anti carcinogenic properties.
It is used in cosmetics, creams, lotions and facial washes. It removes the scars that often remain after the wounds are healed. When taken orally, it soothes the digestive tracts. It reduces inflammation and other symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis.
It prevents the growth of cancer cells, reduces blood sugar levels, heals minor burns, reduces arthritis swellings, strengthens the immune system of the body, slows down aging, lowers cholesterol levels.... like that so many.
Definitely Aloe Vera is nature's gift to human beings.
Laughter- the best medicine
Tags: laughter, medicine, sorrow, testsIt is recognized all over the world that laughter is the best medicine! Researchers have found that positive emotions have a beneficial impact on a person's health. It has been observed that watching comedy films boosts blood flow to the heart.
It was found that artery blood flow was reduced after watching movie clips that caused distress; but was increased after watching movie clips that elicited laughter. The difference in flow between sad and happy responses exceeded an astonishing 50 percent.
The study was conducted on 20 healthy young adults after asking them to view 15 to 30 minutes of tragic / comic films. For the analysis 160 measurements of artery blood flow were taken before and one minute after exposing to phases of laughter or sadness.
Source: British Medical Journal - Specialty Journals / Kate Melville
Karama Yoga
Karama Yoga can be interpreted as the path of ‘union through action.’
It is the science of attaining perfection through action. Lord Krishna advises Arjuna to give up his misgivings and sorrows and do his righteous duty of fighting against the injustice without consideration of personal desires, likes or dislikes.
In Bhagavat Gita Krishna says ‘O Arjuna! Surrender all your works into me, with full knowledge of me, without desires for profit, with no claims to proprietorship and free from lethargy fight’.
It is believed that practice of Karma Yoga in daily life makes an individual fit, sharpen his reasoning power and develop his mental capabilities through action and meditation.
Practice of Karma Yoga
A karma yogi should have non-attachment to the fruits of his action. Non-attachment brings freedom from fear and sorrow. One can serve the humankind in different ways. He need not be a rich person. If one finds a poor, old and sick person lying on the road,
give him some thing to eat and then take him to a nearby hospital for treatment. A family person can be a karma yogi by dedicating all his services to the good of his family, his neighbors and other members of the society at large.
While Hatha yoga concentrates on the physical well being of a human being, Bhakhthi yoga on spiritual realization of God, Karma Yoga caters for both physical and mental aspects.
Links:
The Mad man of Naranath
Once upon a time there lived in a small village a person called the Mad man of Narnath. He lived alone and led a happy life.
One day he decided to celebrate his birthday in a grand scale. He invited all his neighbors for the feast.
He went to the nearby market and purchased all the materials-rice, vegetables, jaggery, oil and other condiments. He also hired the services of two cooks.
He realized that he was short of vessels for cooking. He approached his neighbors and requested them to lend him some vessels for a couple of days.
All his guests arrived on the birthday and enjoyed a sumptuous and tasty food. They thanked Naranath for his hospitality.
Since the borrowed vessels were not returned after few days, some neighbors came to his house and enquired about their vessels. He told them he would be returning the vessels with in next two or three days.
As promised, Naranath went to his neighbors houses and returned the borrowed vessels. I n addition, he also gave each of them another small vessel of the same type. When enquire about the additional vessel, he told them he had kept their vessels in an underground cellar in his house. When he opened the cellar to take back the vessels, he found the small vessels also. According to him, these were babies of the original vessels. The neighbors were extremely happy to receive an additional vessel and profusely thanked Naranath for his benevolence.
After few months, Naranath decided to celebrate the death anniversary of his father. As before, he invited all his neighbors for the anniversary.
This time also he borrowed vessels from his neighbors. They were extremely pleased to give him the required vessels on loan since he had given them additional baby vessels in the earlier occasion.
After the feast was over, Naranath collected all the borrowed vessels, went to the nearby market and sold all of them. He could earn a good amount from the sale.
Since the neighbors did not get back their vessels given on loan even after a week, they approached Naranth and requested him to return their vessels.
He told them that he was extremely sorry as he was not in a position to return their vessels. He told them he had kept their vessels in the cellar in his house. When he opened the cellar to give them back their vessels, to his utter dismay he found that all the vessels were dead. He expressed his deep sorrow on the death of their vessels.
The neighbors were extremely angry and asked him as how their vessels could die ?
They all went in unison to the village court and lodged their complaint. The court asked Naranath to explain his conduct and ordered to return the vessels.
Naranath humbly and politely explained his case. He told the court that in the earlier occasion, he had returned the original vessels of his neighbors along with additional baby vessels. This time also he had kept the vessels in his cellar and when he opened it to return the vessels, to his utter dismay and sorrow, all the vessels had died.
He prayed to the court that he was in no way responsible for the incident. He told that as birth was natural, so was death.
The court dismissed the appeal of his neighbors.
It is told that Naranath lived happily for many more years.
http://raamachandran.blogspot.com
Soil Mechanics – An Overview
Tags: soil mechanics, foundations, earth pressure, heterogeneous material
Our existence in this world depends on air, water and soil. Soil is viewed differently by a common man, agriculturist, geologist and a civil engineer. As far as a common man is concerned he is aware that his house is standing on the ground, his garden is on the ground surface, and he gets his food articles from mother earth. From an agriculturist view point, he is concerned with the top layer of soil in connection with his agriculture. The geologist is also concerned with the top layer; because according to him below the top layer of ground surface, all are rocks. He is concerned with oil exploration, different mines, study and analysis of earthquakes and landslides .
The engineer is interested to know the characteristics and behavior of soil for the design and construction of foundations of buildings, roads, railways, airports, dams and several other civil engineering structures.
Historical Back ground
Several important structures were built in ancient times. At that time, the technology of soil mechanics was not developed on a rational basis. But they could construct some wonderful structures which even now stand as tourist attraction spots. Some such structures are - Leaning tower of Pisa in Italy, Great Wall of China, Effiel Tower in Paris, France and Taj mahal at Agra in India. Several bridges were built in 15 th and 17 th centuries.
Soil (Earth)
Soil is a heterogeneous accumulation of natural grains with little or no bond among the grains and can be separated by simple mechanical means. In common terminology, clay, silt, sand and gravel come under soil. Soil mechanics deals with the study of the behavior and characteristics of soil based on sound mechanical principles. Soil is treated just like any other material like concrete and steel. Geotechnical engineering covers soil mechanics, soil dynamics, foundations, rock mechanics and geology.
Historical Development of Soil Mechanics
Several scientists and engineers have contributed to the over all development of soil mechanics; some prominent personalities are:
Topic ( Subject) Name of Engineer
Earth pressure on retaining wall Coulomb (1736 – 1806)
Modified earth pressure theory Poncelet (1788 -1887)
Modified earth pressure theory Culmann (1821- 1881)
New Earth pressure theory Rankine (1820- 1872)
Law for flow of water in permeable material Darcy in 1856
Equation for determining terminal velocity
of soil particles falling in liquid GW Stokes
Shear strength of soils Otto Mohr ( 1835 -1918)
Conventional and Alternate Energy
Tags: conventional energy, alternate energy, renewable energy, fossil fuel
Introduction
Our ancestors ate fruits, drank water from streams and led a happy life. Slowly they started cooking food by collecting wood from forests. They walked on foot, used bullock carts, horse driven carts and hand - pulled rickshaws for transport ; used kerosene oil
lanterns for light in the night.
Slowly fossil fuels were identified. Coal, petroleum and natural gas come under the category of fossil fuels. These are formed in the earth’s crust from decayed organic materials. Fossil fuels are deposits of carbon stored under ground or beneath the sea. They are fossilized remains of plants and animas which have decayed millions of years ago. High pressure and heat from the earth’s core caused the decaying matter turn into a spongy-texture substance called peat and then into a hard carbon-rich rock (coal) or liquid (petroleum).
Diesel and petrol driven vehicles were developed and came into being. Electricity was generated from thermal power stations using coal.
Now we can’t imagine a world without electricity or diesel and petrol. But the big question facing mankind is that it may so happen that after a couple of year, the stock of petrol and coal may get exhausted and we will have to find out alternate sources for energy. Also the atmospheric pollution due to burning of fossil fuels and from nuclear waste byproducts is on the increase, causing innumerable hardships to mankind.
Here comes the importance of renewable energy sources. Renewable energy sources are naturally replenished in a relatively short period of time. Energy sources that are not based on burning of fossil fuels or the splitting of fuels come under alternate energies.
The main alternate energy sources are: Solar, Wind, Tide, Hydroelectric, Geothermal and Biomass. They have less damaging effects on environment.
Problems related to Energy
Energy is a primary input for all economic activities of a nation. The continuous availability of energy is very essential in many vital sectors like transport, industries, telecommunication, commerce, agriculture and household services. The main issues in this connection are:
1) How to utilize the energy from non-renewable (conventional) sources at their maximum efficiency?
2) How to make use of renewable sources of energy or the alternate energy sources?
Energy conservation is considered as a quick and economical act to solve the problem of power shortage. It is rather cost effective, requires relatively small investment and has short gestation period as well as payback period.
AE-01-170211
AVIAL
(A special mixed vegetable curry of Kerala)
Avial is a special dish of Kerala. It is a mixed vegetable curry and invariably is a must for all feasts in connection with marriage , birthday etc.
The legend behind the origin of Avial is as follows- In connection with the marriage of the daughter of the Maharaja, there was a grand feast. After the feast, lot of vegetables were left over. The Maharaja who saw these left over vegetables, asked his chief cook whether he can prepare any curry with it. The cook then used all the left over vegetables and prepared a new curry and called it Avial.
Ingredients (for 10 persons)
Carrots 3
Beans 10
Raw banana 2
Drum stick 2
Ash gourd 200g
Yam 200g
Snake gourd 200g
Coconut(small) 1
Green Chillies 8
Curd 1 cup
Turmeric powder ¼ tea spoon
Salt 1 tea spoon
Coconut(Refined) oil 1 table spoon
Curry leaves 3 sprigs
Water 1 cup
Preparation
*Wash thoroughly all the vegetables.
*Cut them into small pieces of approximately 40 mm.
*Put these cut vegetables into a pressure cooker, add
Water , salt , turmeric powder and mix it.
*Boil these vegetables for 10 minutes with out keeping
the weight of the cooker.
*Grind the grated coconut and green chillies into a thick paste.
*Add curd to it and mix.
*Take out the cooker , open the lid and add the coconut - curd mix.
*Pour the oil over it and add the curry leaves.
*Mix thoroughly and Avial is ready.
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NB: Since Avial contains lot of green vegetables and is prepared without much
masalas it is specially recommended for diabetic patients.
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